Improve Your Public Speaking Skills

on Thursday, January 31, 2013

I'm not someone who naturally loves to go up on a stage and speak in public - and that's an understatement. One of my main challenges in 2012 was to deliver a talk for TEDx Delft Salon - and to my surprise, nobody ate me alive or ridiculed me.

When recently I came across Jenny Blake's brilliant article with 8 Ways to Practice and Improve your Public Speaking Skills, I found myself nodding along as I read.

In fact, I found so much value in Jenny's article that I revisited her list of 8 ways here, and gave them an academic twist. Here is my academic view on her list:

1. Download a free recording app on your phone. When you practice a presentation, record it. Not only will you get used to the cameras at conferences (sessions often are made available as a webinar or for members of the association that organized the conference). If you listen to your recording, pay special attention to your pauses. You need to understand that the pauses in your sentences give the listener the possibility to digest what he/she just heard.

2. Take three ujayii breaths before starting. Abdominal breathing for stress-reduction: we've discussed this topic previously, and this technique is my single most powerful too for centering before a stressful moment.

3. Make it a challenge for yourself to bring more awareness to your speech in every day interactions. Practice makes perfect - breathe from your abdomen, release the tension in your throat and practice continuously on speaking in a calm, composed way.

4. Give yourself a rating on scale of 1-5 after every class you teach (or training, or meeting you present at). Bonus: write a blog post or diary entry to reflect on how your (conference) presentation went. Also, if a recording is available, watch it in a non-judgmental way to see how you can improve.

5. Pretend you are speaking to a non-native English speaker or a five year old. The five year old might not apply to conferences, but keep in mind that you, and only you are the real expert in your field. Take enough time to introduce your topic, and avoid unnecessary jargon.

6. Channel/observe a speaker or teacher you really respect. At a conference, do not only pay attention to the contents of the speakers, but also to the way they have structured their presentation, how they talk and how they respond to questions.

7. Probably most important: ASK FOR FEEDBACK – often! If possible, have a trial run of a presentation with your supervisor, or for a small group of peer PhD students. They can help you improve before your real gig.

8. Clench and release a muscle several times before going up to speak. Jenny introduced this method to boost adrenaline and stop shaking. Along the same lines: practice powerposes!

How do you improve your public speaking skills? Share you experiences in the comments section!

Writers' Lab: 750 words versus longhand journaling

on Tuesday, January 29, 2013
To clear out your mind, keeping a journal is a great tool.

Keeping a journal does not only bring you more peace of mind but it also has the following benefits:
- identify your worries by expressing them
- create a moment for self-reflection
- have a personal archive of thoughts
- track your progress in achieving goals
- practice writing in a different way
- by reading multiple entries, you can analyze deeper thought patterns.

I'm a long-time journal-writer. From spring until early December, I was using 750 words and it helped me developing my theoretical approach and ultimately writing my dissertation. But since late 2012, I have switched back to my longhand journal - a notebook I've been using since 2000.

As a teenager, I wrote in my journal daily. I copied the habit from my grandfather, who wrote daily for his entire life (and thus, throughout the second World War). When I went to university, I wrote less and less and eventually spaced entries by two years. Early in my PhD, I picked up the habit again to reflect on my research, and life in general.

Having used both digital and longhand journals over the past months, I have listed to pros and cons of each method, to help you chose the right method to keep up a journal.

750 words
+ This website is designed to get you writing:clean workspace, no distractions.
+ I've used 750 words to flesh out ideas and to write a brief overview of what I did during a day.
+ It's the perfect place for typing out a rant.
+ The stats are great - they help you analyze your writing.
- You're restricted to (mostly) unformatted text: you can't highlight, scribble, draw.
- You're staring at a screen, like for too many of your activities.

longhand journal
+ It's great to flip through a journal and read random entries from long ago.
+ Writing longhand makes it easier to get into the flow of writing.
+ Distractions associated with the internet are not there.
+ You can draw, highlight, use different colored pencils,..
+ I find it easier to mix up the writing: overviews of what I did, my deeper thoughts and worries, random gratitude lists, affirmations
- Writing longhand is slower than typing
- It's not in the cloud, you need to drag along a physical object when you travel.

Do you journal? Has it improved your writing, or keeping track of your goals? Share you experiences in the comments section!

Silver Linings: Gratitude in the shower

on Sunday, January 27, 2013
Silver Linings is a series of posts that aims at infusing your day with little moments of joy, gratitude and indulgence. These little nuggets can contribute to improve your happiness in the current moment, which - together with a vision of your future - result in your best performance and helps you to achieve "flow" (or getting in the "zone").

A post on taking a moment for gratitude in the shower? You might wonder what happened to this academic blog... But bear with me for a moment, and I'll show you how you can use your shower to start or end your day with a positive thought.

Most likely, you don't even pay a moment of attention to your actual shower. You let the water pour, lather on soap, and at the same time, your mind wanders and is either past-tripping (worrying about something you said or did, or didn't say or do yet) or future-tripping (planning ahead, thinking of everything you still need to do, worrying about future events,..).

But as an academic, you already spend 90% (or more) of your time with your brain. Your body gets much less attention.

So, what if you could spend some time to connect with your body, and think positive, grateful thoughts - while doing an activity you are doing anyway? Here's a few ways to do so:

1. Sensation

For a moment, mute your thinking and amplify your sensing. Sense the feeling of the hot water, sense the texture of the soap. Smell the fragrance of the product that you are using. Look at yourself, and understand the privilege of having a healthy body. Listen to the sound of the water pouring down.

2. Awareness 

Try to sync your mind with your actions. Instead of embarking on a trip to the past or future, simply observe what you are doing, and bring your awareness to the now.

3. Kindness to your body

As your brain is the major player in your life, it is important not to neglect your body. Too often we only notice our bodies when something isn't working well, which could impact our academic work then. You can compare this to a computer, a machine that we expect to perform its tasks, without needing any maintenance, and of which we only notice how much we depend on it when it malfunctions. 

So, while you are doing physical activity, take a moment to consciously connect to your body, treat it kindly and cherish your health.

4. Gratitude for products

Take a moment to pay attention to your soap:

- if it's the cheapest soap from the store: realize that buying cheap helps you to avoid (further) student debt. By not indulging in unnecessary luxury, you are taking control of your financial situation - one tiny bit at a time.

- if it's a fancy soap you splurged on: be fully aware that this expense was worth the extra money, provided that you genuinely enjoy the experience of using it.

- if it was a gift: take a moment to smile, and remember when you received it. As a bonus: write a short note during the day to the person from whom you got the gift to tell them you enjoy using it - and take a moment to catch up with him/her.

- if it's from a hotel: remember the good times you spent traveling for a conference - a privilege not all young professionals experience.

Have you tried applying these techniques? Share your experiences in the comments!

Introducing: Silver Linings

on Thursday, January 24, 2013
Another new series of posts! You will find Silver Linings to appear on this blog.

What is it about?

Silver Linings is about helping you to create the right mindset to carry out your research, and to come up with creative ideas.

 What is the concept of Silver Linings?

In the series of Silver Linings, you will find short, inspirational posts. The key point is one idea per lining, that will hopefully help you to cheer up for small things throughout the day.

By focusing your attention to small habits and short moments of joy, gratitude or indulgence, you will learn how to improve the resilience of your mind, and thus better cope with the stress of academia and the need to perform extremely well.

For who?

If you feel that you are wasting the best years of your life by trying to hold your breath, and just get through your studies, or get your PhD research finished, or get that academic position after your post-doc, or get tenure, or something else - then you are in a state of mind in which prevent yourself from operating at your best level.

You get your best results when you are happy in the now and have a vision for the future. With these ingredients, you can achieve mental flow.

Most of us tend to beat ourselves up in the now, thinking this behavior will lead to the great results you anticipate in the future. But, unfortunately, you might be like a dog chasing his own tail until he gets too tired. 

To learn how to improve the now, I've started to pay attention to small acts and thoughts throughout the day that help me to be at peace with my current state.

When can I expect Silver Linings?

Posts will air on Sundays, as a way to inspire you throughout the week.

You are invited to contribute!

Contributions are more than welcome. You are invited to share your experiences in the comments of a Silver Lining, and you can send guest contributions (just pitch me with your idea!).

Writers' Lab: A personal Narrative on Writing

on Tuesday, January 22, 2013
The second guest post in the Writers' Lab is by Mohamed Saeed from South Africa. He shares with us his personal story on how he found in writing a way to share his views, experiences and thoughts with the world.
 
Mohamed Saeed (aka Abd’ ullah) is a graduate from the University of KWAZUL- NATAL (UKZN). He holds a certificate of Merit in Social Equity in Professional Practice, a National Professional Diploma in Education (NPDE) and an Advance Certificate in Education (ACE) specialising in teaching for Social Justice.
Probing the media headlines and creating waves, fighting against oppression and injustices, alleviating poverty and ignorance and promoting fundamental rights and values is his passion and mission in life. He shuns destructive thinking, violence and negative competition. He enjoys reading, re-searching and doing volunteer work for humanitarian NGOs.
 
I grew up during the Apartheid era in South Africa, and the education system at that time clearly reflected the government’s discriminatory and racial way of life –segregation based on colour, race and class.

Schools were required to indoctrinate, teach and promote the apartheid ideals and white supremacy; our history text books, discipline methods, rules, regulations and teaching methods were especially designed to foster Apartheid.

Being classified as an Asian, I could not go to the local library, so my primary school teacher asked me and other students to read a daily newspaper to improve our English. As I am a second-generation South African and grew up in a household where the main language was not English, Newspapers went a long way towards the improvement of my English.
 
As a Muslim the Quran and Sunnah (practices of Prophet Muhamed, PBUH) are my guides. They determine my outlook on life, justice, tyranny, oppression, truth and falsehood. It is therefore incumbent upon me not to remain silent or inactive when needs be.

I find in most newspapers and books Islam is equated with terrorism, oppression, women abuse, violence, intolerance, and backwardness. I am truly concerned by this mindset about themisrepresentation of Islam and Muslims in the print and mass media. This inspires and stimulates me to do research and write articles and letters to the editor in order to create awareness.

Whether we like to admit it or not, the different types of media directly affects our lives, influences our opinions and penetrates our subconscious. Over the years our homes, teachers at school, our different religions and institutions, culture, the society that we live in, the mass media that we are exposed too subliminally colonise our vulnerable minds. This socialization generally becomes our way of life and viewpoint and therefore sometimes we don’t want to accept, dialogue, debate or hear the other voice.

Through writing we can express our complaints, lobby for a cause, present a viewpoint, negate myths and serve as an antidote to the less than objective and/or balanced media coverage of events. The more I read the more questions I have and over the years I have realised that some of the mass media are presenting half-truths and distortions.

Although it’s not always hate that causes individuals, writers and authors to make foolish allegations and disingenuous statements against Islam, ignorance generally plays a major part in these dishonest expression or stereotypical assumptions and perceptions, and I believe  as Muslims we have much to blame as we are not effectively engaging with the broader global community. 

Similarly, most western writers have a very depressing and unconstructive narrative and storyline about my continent- Africa. It is always about diseases, famine, human rights’ abuses, rape, murder, crime and malnourished children. Agreed, Africa is a continent of tribal wars, huge inequalities and corruption but it is also a land of natural resources and beauty, magnificent oceans, mountains, rivers and wildlife, World heritage sites, an emerging business community and blessed by relatively lower rate of natural disasters.

A recent guest to my country, South Africa, commented: “I was commended by a friend for my “courage” for touring South Africa. For him, South Africa is where wild animals and “primitive” people prey on innocent tourists”. Where did this stereotype come from?

We can only challenge the deceptions, misinformation and negative discourse about us through effective communication and constructive dialogue. And writing offers the perfect platform to articulate views and explain a multifaceted or difficult point or situation to readers with clarity. It allows for a two way dialogue.

Writing allows me to critically read and think, to re-learn, re-skill and decolonise my mind. Writing allows me to tell my untold stories to a larger audience. Writing allows me to express my emotions and inner most feelings and be a voice of reason, voice for the voiceless and be a change agent. Writing allows me to have hope that brainwashed individuals might have their minds opened to reason and be transformed.

The wise words of Gloria Anzaldua inspires me to keep on write: “ Why am I compelled to write? Because the world I create in the writing compensates for what the real world does not give me. By writing I put order in the world, give it a handle so I can grasp it. I write because life does not appease my appetites and anger. To become more intimate with myself and you. To discover myself, to preserve myself, to make myself, to achieve self-autonomy. To dispel the myths that I am a mad prophet or a poor suffering soul. To convince myself that I am worthy and that what I have to say is not a pile of shit. Finally, I write because I’m scared of writing, but I’m more scared of not writing”.

Beat stress by breathing with your diaphragm

on Sunday, January 20, 2013


When you are stressed out, sometimes all it might take to get grip on the situation again is to halt yourself, and take a few, deep breaths.

Even though I wrote about breathing exercises previously, I did not touch upon how to breathe exactly for this purpose.

To calm your body's reaction to stress, you can use diaphragmatic breathing. I could describe it, but the video below shows you in 2 minutes how to find your deep breathing for yourself.

Do take 2 minutes to get the basic idea of breathing with your diaphragm:




The Archetypes of PhD Students - Which One Are You?

on Thursday, January 17, 2013
Most PhD students have their quirks - and you might recognize behavior similar to some of  the famous subcultures of the 20th century!

1. Punk

This PhD student likes experiments, in which things are broken - such as breaking big blocks of concrete.

Hates to listen to the advice of authority, such as a supervisor.

In times of adversity, might demolish his/her desk.

Doesn't approve of the monarchy.

Likes to swear at conferences, for shock value.

 

 2. Goth

This PhD student enjoys citing obscure works that might have been at the root of his/her research topic.

Mumbles incoherently about the philosophical value of ethical questions in academia, then returns to his/her own thoughts.

Has strong opinions, and thinks you care to hear.

Can be found in the lab, to try and build a coffin and crank up his/her street credibility by a few points.



3. Hippie

This PhD student appears to be immune to stress, and floats on a cloud of happiness and/or (il)legal substances.

Believes  that a good connection with the student community will guarantee his/her graduation.

Thinks you should meditate and/or float your way to clarity to answer your research questions.

Studying 's for groovin', man!



4. Emo


His/her research isn't going well and that's not fair.

Can be found shuffling in a depressed manner around the coffee machine.

Reacts emotionally to students.

Reacts emotionally to paper acceptance and paper rejection.

Explains you the importance of letting out your emotions.



5. Mod

This PhD student wonders what to wear to supervise students, what to wear to the lab, what to wear to a conference or what to wear to sit behind the computer.

Commutes to campus on a scooter.

Writes until late at night in a coffee bar.

Continuously wants to reinvent his/her research question.




6. Raver

This PhD student works better in a large team.

Shouldn't be trusted in the chem labs at night.

Was caught waving glowsticks in front of his/her screen.

Usually has earphones in, otherwise will be tapping his/her feet.

Looks to randomly pick at different topics during his/her studies.

7. Hipster

This PhD student prefers to grade at Starbucks or a fancier independent undiscovered coffee place.

Shopped at Goodwill and Salvation Army before it was cool.


Aims at replacing all Microsoft computers in your lab by Apple products.

8. Beatnik

This PhD student  considers research as being On The Road to greater insights in life.

Plays bongos to understand Feynman.

Writes research papers in free-verse poetry forms.

Attempts at discovering jazzy patterns in their lab measurements.




9. Grunge

This PhD student dreams of a postdoc in Seattle.

Stopped caring about getting published - getting published is just a shallow form of validating yourself.

Can always dive straight into the lab and prides himself/herself on yesterday's lab spills on his/her clothes.

Speaks out against tedious procedures in the administration system, unfair treatment by supervisor, skewed funding schemes and everything you can rebel against.

10. Surf

This PhD student never seems to get stressed out and firmly trust he/she will make it in the end.

Likes to grade outside in the sun.

Declares to all that he/she is riding the waves of academia.

Makes sure all thrash in the lab is correctly separated.

Disclaimer: All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.

Writers' Lab: Writing for non-native speakers

on Tuesday, January 15, 2013


As a non-native speaker, you face additional challenges when preparing an academic publication. The author of this guest post is Evelyn Cowan from Enago, a company specialized in English editing and proofreading for scientific manuscripts. She agreed to share some of her best advice for non-native writers of English.

 


The academic style of writing, as opposed to informal writing, involves the expression of a paper/article/essay’s meaning without blocking the reader’s sense of clarity. Hence, it is always best to simplify the language, formulating sentences without heavy wordplay, which in some cases could lead to the muddling of meaning. Even simple misused homophones, words with similar spellings and/or pronunciation but with different meaning such as its/it’s and affect/effect, may alter the impact and meaning of the written word. It is always best to reconfirm the meaning of a given word to avoid its awkward positioning.

The best ways to avoid this is to follow seven simple steps for writing academic papers. Though it is not an in-depth analysis of the writing skills needed in the academic style, it builds a fair idea on what is needed.

1. The first most important task is to select a manual of style/style guide (Chicago/APA/AMA/ASA/MHRA/MLA…). This will streamline the form your paper needs to follow.

2. Always try and list your idea/argument before framing it. This would help understand its order of importance, enabling a simplified, comprehensible flow of the paper.

3. It is not mandatory to have complex sentence constructions in your paper. Thus, the readability could be enhanced by simple and concise sentences.

4. Avoid using abbreviations without defining them in the first instance. Though the use of parlance is common, only technical papers encourage the use of abbreviations or words known in a particular field.

5. Use the right punctuation to avoid loss of meaning, abrupt endings or long continuous sentences. The right punctuation is necessary for a clearer, meaningful sentence, which may otherwise disrupt the flow of the entire paper.

6. Another important rule of thumb is the appropriate choice of words as it is important for the meaning of the written word. The right choice of word also makes an impact with the reader and enhances the readability of the paper.

7. Finally, get your paper reviewed by someone fluent in the language to highlight any gaps in meaning or content due to incorrect use of any technical aspect of the language. Also, developmental changes may be suggested by them, giving you greater insight for future references.


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About Enago:
Enago is the world's leading English editing service provider to ESL authors. Enago's professional editors are native English speakers and subject area experts with an average experience of 19.4 years in academic editing in the areas of medicine, engineering, economics, physics and more. Enago has been consistently delivering high quality, i.e., 100% error-free edited manuscripts, to its clients in a timely manner for meeting its ultimate objective of academic paper acceptance in international journals.
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Treat Yourself to Relaxation: Silva Relaxation App

on Sunday, January 13, 2013
Silva Relaxation is a free app that can be used as part of your meditation practice.

If you enjoy these recordings with headphones, you can use them as a means to relax and shut out the outer world while you are on-the-go.

The relaxation exercises guide you through an extended version of a body scan, and then help you to be centered in your breathing.

After a stressful day of thesis writing, or an overly busy conference or meeting, I've used these recordings to let go of the day and get some quiet time.


Introducing: Writers' Lab

on Thursday, January 10, 2013
A new year, a new series of posts!

I'll be featuring a series of posts, specifically about writing: the Writers' Lab.

What can you expect from the Writers' Lab?

You'll find hacks, tips and tricks about writing, as well as best practices, and a lot about what I learned while writing my dissertation.

But besides the academic writing stories, I'm also inviting writers from all niches and all ways of life to share their stories and insights. As I'm convinced that the general lines are the same for all writers, regardless of their output, I want to create a space where we can all learn from each other. The narrative behind the words, the story behind the stories is what we will try to cover from all different angles.

Write for the Lab

If you want to contribute with a guest post for the Writers' Lab, just pitch me through the Contact page.

If you are a writer (in the broadest definition), give me a shout out - I am also planning to feature a series of interviews.

Sulfur Concrete in Plain English

on Tuesday, January 8, 2013
We’ve introduced Dr. Marwa Al-Ansary to you as a civil and environmental engineer, working for Shell on (amongst others) sulfur utilization in materials such as Thiocrete (a type of sulfur concrete).

But what is sulfur concrete really, and why do we care about this? As with many questions we might have, Wikipedia has an answer to that:


"Sulfur concrete is a composite construction material, composed of sulfur, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate made of gravel or crushed rocks and a fine aggregate such as sand). Cement (commonly Portland cement) and water important compounds in normal concrete are not part of sulfur concrete. The concrete is heated above the melting point of sulfur ca. 140°C. After cooling the concrete reaches a high strength, not needing a prolonged curing like normal concrete. Sulfur concrete is resistant to some compounds like acids which attack normal concrete. Sulfur concrete was developed and promoted as building material to get rid of large amounts of stored sulfur produced by hydrodesulfurization of gas and oil. Sulfur concrete is also a possible building material for a lunar base. Up to 2011 Sulfur concrete is only used in small quantities when fast curing or acid resistance is necessary."
Sadly enough, Wikipedia is using a lot of jargon in this explanation. The explanation focuses on the following topics:

What ingredients do we need for sulfur concrete?
Regular concrete is a combination of sand, stones, cement and water. For those of you that like to DIY around in the backyard, you might be familiar with the 1-2-3 and 1-2-4 recipes of throwing it all together and making fresh concrete. Sulfur concrete on the other hand is made without water, and without cement: it’s simply sulfur, sand and stones.

How do we make sulfur concrete?
Unlike regular concrete, in which you mix everything together, get a liquid product and then wait, sulfur concrete is made by heating the sulfur product with the stones and sand such that they get glued together. This process is similar to making asphalt. Upon cooling, the product has its final strength, and you don’t need to wait like with regular concrete, which reaches its strength over time.

What are the benefits of sulfur concrete as compared to normal concrete?
Sulfur concrete is made without water and cement. As a result, the costs and energy for water supply becomes obsolete. Moreover, the carbon footprint of the product is reduced. Regular concrete leaves a large carbon footprint because the production of cement requires very high (1450oC) temperatures and the process itself is responsible for 5% of all CO2 emission worldwide.

In regular concrete, the cement forms “tubes” inside the material which can take in water. Upon freezing, this water expands and the inner pressure can become so high that the concrete cracks. Sulfur concrete does not have these tubes, and therefore performs better in freeze-thaw cycles.
As sulfur concrete is made by heating the components, it can also be recycled by crushing, reheating and remolding, reducing the waste associated with regular concrete construction.
If you’ve made regular concrete before, you’ve seen that at first it is almost liquid, and then it starts building up its strength over time (we typically test it after 28 days to see how strong it is). Sulfur concrete gains it strength right when it is made – upon cooling down the product has its final strength.

Why is Shell making concrete?
Sulfur is a byproduct from the process of refining gas and oil. To look for ways to implement this product, Shell stimulated research into sulfur concrete, using a sulfur-product to replace part of the bitumen in asphalt and innovative fertilizers for agriculture.

Is it a new invention?
Sulfur concrete has been around since the 1970s. However, because the cost of the modification of sulfur for use in concrete used to be very high, the range of applications was rather small. Now, with the development of the competitively-priced sulfur-concrete binder, the product can finally compete with regular concrete in price, and a wide range of possibilities opens up.

What’s the caveat?
As you can recycle sulfur concrete by heating it up to 135oC, it is not suitable for applications which require temperatures of above 100oC. Therefore, building with this product will require the right provisions such that in the case of a fire, the structure is safe (and doesn’t “melt down”).



This post originally appeared on the TEDx Delft website.

PhD Talk on Brazen Careerist

on Monday, January 7, 2013

Head over to Brazen today for my guest post on creativity!

Giving you a little appetizer of the post here:

In Her Language

on Sunday, January 6, 2013
In this short video, a courageous autistic women gives us a view in her mostly non-verbal way. She describes how she communicates with her entire surroundings, while those who do not speak her language, describe her as being on her own.

Here’s the video “In my language”.



This post originally appeared on the TEDx Delft website, and now serves as some Sunday inspiration.

Calling for Contributions

on Thursday, January 3, 2013
In 2013, I'm opening PhD Talk up for guest contributions.

If you would like to try out blogging before starting your own site, feel free to submit a contribution.
If you are a seasoned blogger, you're absolutely welcome too.

So, if you feel like writing a contribution for this blog, don't hesitate to Contact Me.



Topics that can be covered are:
- civil engineering research
- personal stories from graduate school
- finding a job after your PhD
- research and writing skills
- inspirational and motivational ideas for graduate students
- your experience with writing, for the upcoming Writers' Lab, in which I am searching stories from writers of all ways of life: bloggers, journalists, novelists, poets, academic writers,...

Pitch me with your idea, and I'll give you further details!